Imprisonment at Adrianople
After arriving at Adrianople, the French ambassador, Sieur la Haje, was placed in custody. Unlike his son, who had faced
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False Witness and Religious Bias
Another serious problem in the Ottoman courts was the ease with which some people gave false witness. It was said
The Ancient Name of Ragusa
The city of Ragusa was known in ancient times by the name Epidauros. There were also two other cities with
The Official Income of the Grand Vizier
The official revenues of the Grand Vizier, which come directly from the Crown and are fixed parts of the office,
Favoritism Among the Ottoman Rulers
Historical writers often claimed that even the Grand Signiors themselves were not free from strong personal passions. According to these
Reaction to the Queen’s Death
The news of the Old Queen’s death reached the old Chamber of the Janizaries. Several of them, along with some
The Meaning of “Kul” in the Ottoman State
Servants of the Crown All those who receive wages from the imperial treasury, or who hold any office connected with
Jaroslav Veshin A Leading Figure in Bulgarian Art
The best and also the oldest artist belonging to this group, although not officially a member of the Society of
Foreign Artists in Bulgaria
In the early years of modern Bulgarian cultural life, many foreign artists played an important role. Some lived and worked
Growth of Trade and the Need for Banking Reform
By 1883, trade in Bulgaria had begun to recover and grow. Economic activity increased, and more people needed banking services.